The villes mortes (ghost towns) movement in Cameroon was particularly impressive, although the opposition failed to win the elections it had demanded, The two-year movement looked likely to defeat President Paul Biya, but in the October 1992 elections the opposition was divided between two political parties, and electoral fraud gained Biya a narrow majority (40%) over the Social Democratic Front (37%). This struggle is also better covered in English than many movements in Francophone states.
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E. I.2.1.b.i. Cameroon
Gros, Jean-Germain, The Hard Lessons of Cameroon, Journal of Democracy, Vol. 6, issue 3 (July), 1995, pp. 112-127
Includes comments on the role of the French government in supporting Biya.
Mentan, Tatah, Cameroon: A flawed transition to democracy, In Gros, Democratization in Late Twentieth Century Africa: Coping with Uncertainty (E. I.2.1.i. General Overviews), Westport CT and London, Greenwood Press, pp. 41-57
Ngwane, Mwalimu George, The Power in the Writer: Collected essays on Culture, Democracy and Development in Africa, Bamenda and Oxford, Langaa and African Books Collective, 2008, pp. 196
Chapter 14, pp. 81-95, specifically discusses the electoral performance of the opposition and criticises its lack of internal democracy.
Nkwi, Walter Gam, The Dilemma of Civil Society in Cameroon since 1990: Which Way Forward?, In Nkwi, Walter Gam, Voicing the Voiceless: Contributions to Closing Gaps in Cameroon History, 1958-2009 Bamenda, Langaa, , 2010, pp. 137-149
Takougang, Joseph, Africa State and Society in the 1990s: Cameroon’s Political Crossroads, Boulder CO, Westview Press, 1998, pp. 312
See also: Takougang, Joseph ; Mbaku, John Mukum, The Leadership Challenge in Africa: Cameroon Under Paul Biya Trenton NJ, Africa World Press, , 2004, pp. 563 .
The online version of Vol. 1 of the bibliography was made possible due to the generous support of the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict (ICNC). ICNC is an independent, non-profit educational foundation that develops and encourages the study and use of civilian-based, nonmilitary strategies aimed at establishing and defending human rights, democratic self-rule and justice worldwide.
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