This section covers a wide range of campaigns against war, weapons and bases. It focuses particularly on protest in the west or countries allied to the west, but some issues such as nuclear testing, nuclear bases or military alliances have prompted opposition in many parts of the world. The campaign to ban landmines had particular importance for countries caught up in local conflicts. Conscientious objection to military service has also been a world-wide issue. Campaigns against specific wars receive some coverage under more general surveys, but for the more specialized literature see Section E.