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Ku, Agnes, New Forms of Youth Activism - Hong Kong's Anti-Extradition Bill Movement in the Local-National-Global nexus, 24 1 2020 , pp. 111-117

This article, which is part of an issue on 'Youth Politics in Urban Areas', focuses on the 2019 Anti-Extradition Bill movement to explore the role of young people in steering this movement. Ku examines how they drew on local and international resources to direct the movement, and 'the path-breaking strategies and results that have emerged'.  

Kyaw, Lynn, Reflections on Military Coups in Myanmar: and why Political Actors in Arakan Chose a Different Path, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Transnational Institute, 2021

The article starts with an analysis of the personal as well as the institutional factors leading to the 2021 coup.  It then assesses the special situation in Rakhine State (previously the kingdom of Arakan), home to Muslim minorities including the Rohingya, and to Arakan Buddhists, who are hostile to both Muslims and to the Burmese (Buddhist) government.

Nepstad, Sharon, Nonviolent Revolutions: Civil Resistance in the Late Twentieth Century, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, 2011 , pp. 178

Compares ‘unsuccessful’ and ‘successful’ movements against Socialist regimes (Tiananmen and East Germany 1989), against military regimes (Panama and Chile in the 1980s) and against personal dictators (Kenyan opposition to Moi and the Philippines struggle against Marcos). Draws some fairly brief general conclusions.

Kostovicova, Denisa, Parallel Worlds: Response of Kosovo Albanians to Loss of Autonomy in Serbia, Keele, Keele European Research Centre, 1997 , pp. 109

Kostovica’s commentaries also appeared frequently in the on-line journal Transitions: http://www.tol.org.

, Statehood and Security: Georgia After the Rose Revolution, ed. Coppierters, Bruno; Levgold, Robert, Cambridge MA, MIT, 2005 , pp. 406

Arditti, Rita, Searching for Life: The Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo and the Disappeared children of Argentina, Berkeley CA, University of California Press, 1999 , pp. 251

King, Mary, A Quiet Revolution: The First Palestinian Intifada and a Strategy for Nonviolent Resistance, New York, Nation Books, 2007 , pp. 304

Argues that the First Intifada represented a mass nonviolent mobilization in which women played a significant role, and looks at the global history of nonviolent resistance to suggest that nonviolent strategies are the way to achieve a just peace. See also Mary Elizabeth King, Palestine: Nonviolent Resistance in the Struggle for Statehood, 1920s-2012, In Maciej J. Bartkowski, Recovering Nonviolent History: Civil Resistance in Liberation Struggles (A. 1.b. Strategic Theory, Dynamics, Methods and Movements) Boulder CO, Lynne Rienner, 2013 , pp. 161-180 .

, Promised Land: Competing Visions of Agrarian Reform, ed. Rosset, Peter; Patel, Roy; Courville, Michael, Oakland CA, Food First, 2006 , pp. 380

Includes chapters on Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Guatemala, India, Mexico, South Africa and Zimbabwe (the latter refrains from discussing the human rights issues of the government sponsored post 1996 land occupations). Not all chapters discuss social movements, but the book does cover gender and indigenous issues.

Newnham, Tom, Peace Squadron: The Sharp end of Nuclear Protest in New Zealand, Auckland N.Z., Graphic Publications, 1986 , pp. 60

Account of ‘nuclear-free-zone’ protesters who blocked nuclear-power vessels from entering port with ships, boats and canoes.

Taylor, Richard, Blockade: A Guide to Nonviolent Intervention, Maryknoll NY, Orbis Books, 1977 , pp. 175

Account of how a nonviolent fleet of canoes and kayaks blocked Pakistani shipping at East Coast ports of the USA to oppose US support for Pakistan’s repression in East Bengal. Part 2 is a manual for direct action.

Gül, Murat; Dee, John; Cünük, Cahide, Istanbul’s Taksim Square and Gezi Park: The Place of Protest and the Ideology of Place, 38 1 (March) 2014 , pp. 63-72

Discusses the protests and their symbolism and the ideological conflicts evoked.

Popovic, Srdja, Comment Faire Tomber Un Dictateur Quand On Est Seul, Tout Petit Et Sans Armes, Paris, Payot, 2015 , pp. 282

Drawing on his own experience with the Otpor movement in Serbia and an analysis of numerous nonviolent struggles, the author shows how it is possible to start a democratic nonviolent opposition to a dictatorship, to structure it and to guide it to victory.

Arruzza, Cinzia; Bhattacharaya, Tithi; Fraser, Nancy, Feminism for the 99%: A Manifesto, London, Verso , 2019 , pp. 85

A manifesto inspired by the international women's strike, ‘NiUnaMenos’ in Argentina and other radical feminist actions.  It argues for a linkage between feminism and LGBTQ+ rights and the struggle against neoliberal capitalism, and rejects the kind of liberal feminism (exemplified by Hillary Clinton) that seeks equal opportunities for women within an inherently oppressive system.

Godrej, Dinyar, For a Few Cents More:': Interview with Anannya Bhattacharjee from the Asia Floor Wage Alliance campaigning for a living wage, , , pp. 32-33

The interview examines the role of Asian garment workers in a ruthlessly competitive garment industry influenced by 'fast fashion', which intensifies pressure on workers through forced overtime and 'inhuman productivity targets'. The Asia Floor Wage Alliance was created to unite unions across the borders of countries such as  India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka competing for market share, to create a regional bloc able to negotiate with the global brands in the industry. The aim was to ensure there is a cross-border minimum wage which cannot be breached, though the aim is also to raise wages, which would only entail a small rise to consumers. There is now recognition of the principle of an Asia Floor Wage across the industry, supported by the International Labour Organization (ILO), but pressure on the brands is needed. AFWA works with other labour rights bodies and NGOs, and also has partners in Europe and the US, where the global brands have their headquarters.

See also:  

http://awajfoundation.org/https://ngwfbd.com/ and https://www.ilo.org/dhaka/Areasofwork/workers-and-employers-organizations/lang--en/index.htm (ILO-Bangladesh).

Al-Rawi, Ahmed, The Arab Spring and Online Protests in Iraq, 8 2014 , pp. 916-942

This article elaborates on earlier protests before 2019, focusing on 2011 and noting 'dozens of protests' (which crossed sectarian lines) against political corruption and calling for revolution at Tahrir Square, Baghdad, between February 12 and the 'day of rage' on  February 25 2011. On this day the government of Nouri Maliki shut down media coverage, accusing the protesters of being followers of the banned Baath Party of Saddam Hussein or supporters of Al Qaeda. On February 25 2011, 30 demonstrators were killed by security services and many injured. But the main focus of the article is on the use of Facebook and You Tube to publicize, comment on and justify the protests. The blogs and comments studied were predominantly by young men, including some in the US and Canada.

Skilling, Gordon, Czechoslovakia’s Interrupted Revolution, Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1976 , pp. 924

Especially chapters 21-22 (pp. 659-758). Charts the background to and evolution of the Prague Spring, international reactions to it and mounting Soviet and Warsaw Pact pressure, before outlining the August 1968 invasion and popular and official unarmed resistance to it. Skilling also discusses reasons for the gradual end to resistance and acceptance of the replacement of Dubcek by Husak.

True, Michael, The 1989 democratic uprising in China from a nonviolent perspective, In Mahendra Kumar, Peter Low, Legacy and Future of Nonviolence, New Delhi, Gandhi Peace Foundation, 1996 , pp. 141-157

Suttner, Raymond; Cronin, Jeremy, 50 Years of the Freedom Charter, Pretoria, Unisa Press, 2006 , pp. 246

Revised and updated from the banned book Raymond Suttner, Jeremy Cronin, 30 Years of the Freedom Charter, Johannesburg, Ravan Press, 1986 , pp. 266 . Recounts the process of formulating as well as discussing the political implications of the Freedom Charter adopted in 1955. (Part of Unisa’s series ‘Hidden Histories’.)

Ellwood, Douglas, Philippines Revolution 1986: Model of Nonviolent Change, Quezon City, Philippines, New Day Publishers, 1986 , pp. 60

Includes material on role of local peace movement, nonviolence training and a 1983 statement on ‘creative nonviolence’.

Estrada, Luis; Poire, Alejandro, Taught to protest, learning to lose, 18 1 2007 , pp. 73-87

Argues popular protests led by Obrador against election results undermined democratic process.

, Digging Deeper: Issues in the Miners’ Strike, ed. Beynon, Huw, London, Verso, 1985 , pp. 280

, END Special Report: Moscow Independent Peace Group, ed. Stead, Jean; Grunberg, Gabrielle, London, Merlin Press, 1982 , pp. 44

Carter, David, Stonewall: The Riots that Sparked the Gay Revolution, 2004 New York, St Martins Press, 2010 , pp. 352

Detailed account of protests that erupted on 28 June 1969 when New York police raided the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village (popular among gays), when many others joined in, and demonstrations spread across the city for several days. The ‘riots’ led to the founding of the Gay Liberation Front and the first Gay Pride marches in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and San Francisco a year later.

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