C. I.2.c.ii. Individual Countries in 1989

Volume One -> C. Popular Resistance in Communist Regimes -> C. I. The Soviet Bloc -> C. I.2. The Soviet Bloc 1980 to 1991 -> C. I.2.c. The Revolutions of 1989-90 -> C. I.2.c.ii. Individual Countries in 1989

Excludes Poland (see above) and East Germany (see below).

Rady, Martyn Romania in Turmoil: A Contemporary History, London, I.B. Taurus, 1992 , pp. 216

Analyses Ceausescu’s regime and outlines emerging resistance and mass worker demonstrations in Brasov November 1987, the Timisoara and Bucharest uprisings and subsequent confused politics and violence. Includes a survey of sources.
Tokes, Laszlo With God for the People, as told to David Porter, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1990 , pp. 226

Account by Reformed Church minister who resisted oppression of the Hungarian minority, and whose defiance sparked the December 1989 nonviolent protests in Timisoara.
Tokes, Rudolf Hungary’s Negotiated Revolution: Economic Reform, Social Change and Political Succession, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996 , pp. 554

Chapter 4, pp. 167-209, covers opposition and dissent from 1962 into the 1980s.
Ward, Philip Bulgarian Voices: Letting the People Speak, Cambridge, Oleander Press, 1992 , pp. 330

Wheaton, Bernard; Kavan, Zdeněk The Velvet Revolution: Czechoslovakia 1989-1991, Boulder CO, Westview Press, 1992 , pp. 255

Williams, Kieran Civil Resistance in Czechoslovakia: From Soviet Invasion to “Velvet Revolution”, 1968-1989, In Timothy Garton Ash, Adam Roberts, Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present (A. 1.b. Strategic Theory, Dynamics, Methods and Movements) Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, 2009 , pp. 110-126

Websites recommended

Bulgarian Voices: Letting the People Speak Cambridge Oleander Press, 1992
Civil Resistance in Czechoslovakia: From Soviet Invasion to “Velvet Revolution”, 1968-1989 Oxford and New York Oxford University Press, 2009
Hungary’s Negotiated Revolution: Economic Reform, Social Change and Political Succession Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1996

Chapter 4, pp. 167-209, covers opposition and dissent from 1962 into the 1980s.
Romania in Turmoil: A Contemporary History London I.B. Taurus, 1992

Analyses Ceausescu’s regime and outlines emerging resistance and mass worker demonstrations in Brasov November 1987, the Timisoara and Bucharest uprisings and subsequent confused politics and violence. Includes a survey of sources.
The Velvet Revolution: Czechoslovakia 1989-1991 Boulder CO Westview Press, 1992
With God for the People London Hodder and Stoughton, 1990

Account by Reformed Church minister who resisted oppression of the Hungarian minority, and whose defiance sparked the December 1989 nonviolent protests in Timisoara.