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Ehsani, Kaveh; Keshavarzian, Arang, The Moral Economy of the Iranian Protests, , pp. smaller than 0

The authors start from the 2017-18 protests, significant for their 'geographical scope and range of grievances', but emphasize that local unrest linked to a range of economic grievances has been frequent - especially since the end of the Iran-Iraq war in 1988 - and largely ignored by western media. They consider why the goal of social justice, central to 1979, has not been achieved and the change in policy after 1988 towards 'commercial priorities and top-down policy making'.

Branch, Taylor, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954-63, 1 New York, Simon and Schuster, 1988 3 , pp. 1064

Part 1 of the trilogy. Episodes extracted from this readable narrative have been compiled into one volume – Taylor Branch, The King Years: Historic Moments in the Civil Rights Movement, New York, Simon and Schuster, pp. 256.

Potel, Jean-Yves, The Summer Before the Frost: Solidarity in Poland, London, Pluto Press, 1982 , pp. 229

Eye-witness account of early stages, combined with broader analysis. Includes notes on key individuals and organizations and a chronology.

D'Anieri, Paul, What has changed in Ukrainian politics? Assessing the implications of the Orange Revolution, 52 3 (September/October) 2005 , pp. 82-91

, Bitter Flowers, Sweet Flowers: East Timor, Indonesia, and the World Community, ed. Selden, Mark; Tanter, Richard; Shalom, Stephen, Lanham MA, Rowman and Littlefield, 2001 , pp. 312

Part I ‘East Timor: Resistance, Repression and the Road to Independence’ focuses particularly on the role of the National Council of the Timorese Resistance, the Catholic Church and the student movement.

Erikson, Kenneth, The Brazilian Corrporate State and Working Class Politics, Berkeley CA, University of California Press, 1977 , pp. 225

, The Journey to Tahrir: Revolution, Protest and Social Change in Egypt, 1999-2011, ed. Sowers, Jeannie; Toensing, Chris, London, Verso, 2012 , pp. 320

Begins with the uprising centred on Tahrir Square and then examines the Mubarak regime, the economic trends, and the growing protests by workers, and by democracy, anti-war, social and environment activists.

Kingsnorth, Paul, One No, Many Yeses: A Journey to the Heart of the Global Resistance Movement, London, Free Press, 2003 , pp. 355

Wide ranging exploration of campaigns in all parts of the world seen at first hand. Includes coverage of Sem Terra in Brazil, Cochabamba in Bolivia, township resistance to privatization in South Africa, the Zapatistas, opposition to mining in West Papua, and campaigning groups in the USA. See also his: Paul Kingsnorth, Protest still matters, , 08/05/2006 pp. smaller than 0 , 8 May, 2006, discussing why the Global Justice Movement has dropped out of the news, the turn away from street demonstrations to social forums, and stressing that struggles still continue, especially in the Global South.

Green, Duncan, How Does Change Happen? Lessons from Malawi, Oxfam FP2P, 2020

Oxfam provides a very useful analysis of developments in Malawi by Nic Cheeseman and Golden Matonga, who argue that two key lessons are that change results from a combination of pressures and that 'people power is critical to strengthening the independence and effectiveness of democratic institutions'.  There are also 10 comments on this analysis by Malawi citizens.

See also: Corcoran, Bill, 'Malawi One of the Few Wins for Democracy in 2020:', Irish Times, 28 December, 2020.

Corcoran comments on Chatham House awarding their 2020 prize in December to the judges of Malawi's Constitutional Court in recognition of their bravery in annulling the presidential poll of 2019.  He then elaborates on the evolution of the campaign to annul t he election and to celebrate the upholding of democracy in Malawi when it was under threat in many other parts of the world.

See also: Swift, Richard,  'Introducing Lazarus Chakwera', New Internationalist, September-October 2020, p.11.

Brief but useful summary of events leading to the election of the opposition leader Chakwera in June 2020.

Graff, Agnieszka, A Different Chronology: Reflections on Feminism in Contemporary Poland, In Stacy Gillis, Gillian Howie, Rebecca Munford, Third Wave Feminism: A Critical Exploration (F.4.a. The Third Wave of the 1990s-2000s) New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007 , pp. 142-165

Argues ‘wave’ chronology does not apply to Poland.

, Here we Stand, ed. Earnshaw, Helena; Jones, Angharad, Aberystwyth, Honno, 2014 , pp. 450

Anthology of accounts by 17 British women campaigners, engaged in a range of militant direct action, including one by Welsh Language Society (Cymdeithas yr laith) activist, Angharad Thomas.

Sanfilippo, Vincenzo, Il contributo della nonviolenza al superamento del sistema mafioso, June 2003 3 2003 , pp. 195-215

In this work, Sanfilippo provides a definition of nonviolence and elaborates on the Gandhian vision of the world. He also elaborates on the origin and root causes of the mafia system, according to which, he argues, a theory of systems is the necessary methodological and epistemological tool for the analysis of this phenomena and for building a nonviolent reaction against it. His perspective encompasses the cultural, economic, political, institutional, and social dimensions of the system where mafia organisations exist and where nonviolent antimafia movements need to be organised.

, Arab Women's Activism and Socio-Political Transformation, ed. Khamis, Sahar; Amel, Mili, Cham, Switzerland, Palgrave Macmillan, 2018 , pp. 288

This book illustrates how Arab women have been engaging in ongoing, parallel struggles before, during, and after the Arab Spring. It focuses on three levels: 1) the political struggle to pave the way to democracy, freedom, and reform; 2) the social struggle to achieve gender equality and combat all forms of injustice and discrimination against women; and 3) the legal struggle to chart new laws which can safeguard both the political and the social gains. The contributors argue that while the political upheavals often had a more dramatic impact, they should not overshadow the parallel social and legal revolutions, which are equally important, due to their long-term impacts on the region. The chapters shed light on the intersections, overlaps and divergences between these gendered struggles and unpacks their complexities and multiple implications, locally, regionally, and internationally.

Pearlman, Wendy, Palestine and the Arab Uprisings, In Timothy Garton Ash, Adam Roberts, Michael J. Willis, Rory McCarthy, Civil Resistance in the Arab Spring: Triumphs and Disasters (E. V.B.a. General Accounts and Analyses) Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2016 , pp. 248-259

Pearlman provides a summary of the background of civil resistance in overall Palestinian resistance since 1917, and a detailed analysis of why there was no third intifada in 2011. She also examines the protests that did take place. The chapter is extensively referenced.

Israel, Adrienne, Ex-Servicemen at the Crossroads: Protest and Politics in Post-War Ghana, 30 2 1992 , pp. 359-368

A trigger incident in 1948 was when armed police opened fire on an ex-servicemen’s march about unpaid benefits, killing three.

Kuzio, Taras, Civil society, youth and societal mobilization, 39 3 (Special Issue ‘Democratic Revolutions in Post-Communist States’, ed. Taras Kuzio) 2006 , pp. 365-368

Examines the leading role of youth organizations – Otpor in Serbia (2000), Kmara in Georgia (2003) and Pora in Ukraine (2004) – and conditions for success, including training, western technical and financial assistance, choice of strategies and response of authorities.

Harman, Chris, The Fire Last Time: 1968 and After, 1988 London, Bookmarks, 1998 , pp. 410

Chapter 13 ‘Portugal: The Revolution that Wilted’ recounts from a revolutionary socialist perspective the extraordinary ferment of 1974-75, a period of ‘dual power’ between radical workers going on strike and occupying their workplaces and the provisional government, with increasing polarization between left and right.

, The People Reloaded: The Green Movement and the Struggle for Iran’s Future, ed. Hashemi, Nadar; Postel, Danny, New York, Melville House, 2011 , pp. 440

Anthology exploring the nature of the movement, including expert and participant analyses, manifestos, communiques, interviews and debates. A number of the presentations, including that by co-editor Danny Postel and Charles Kurzman’s ‘Cultural Jiu-Jitsu’ can be viewed on YouTube channel ‘Iran: Politics of Resistance’.

Dryzek, John; Downes, David; Hunold, Christian; Schlosberg, David; Abstract, Hans-Kristian, Green States and Social Movements: Environmentalism in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Norway, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003 , pp. 238

Comparative study of successes and failures of four environmental movements since 1970, exploring implications of inclusion and exclusion from political process.

, We Will Make a New Chile: Interview with Isidora Cepeda Beccar, , pp. smaller than 0

An interview with a political activist in Santiago in the context of 'the largest demonstrations in Chile since the return of democracy', which had developed into demands for a new constitution and comprehensive political reform.  Beccar argues that the post-Pinochet reforms had primarily benefited a small elite.  

Thich Nhat Hahn, , Lotus in a Sea of Fire, New York, Hill and Wang, 1967 , pp. 128

Well known theorist of nonviolence puts the Buddhist case.

Komhiya, A., Britain: Section 28, In James Thomas Sears, Youth, Education, and Sexualities: An International Encyclopedia, Volume I, A-J, Westport CT, Greenwood Press, 2005 , pp. 520 pp. smaller than 0

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